Izvestiya of Saratov University.
Economics. Management. Law
ISSN 1994-2540 (Print)
ISSN 2542-1956 (Online)

Law

Integrated study of gunshot traces and circumstances

Introduction. The significant complication of science and practice in human activity have generated the need to develop more complex methods of examination of physical evidence, where complex forensic expertise is one of these methods. Theoretical analysis. The methods of interaction of forensic experts (methodological, procedural and psychological), as important aspects of the analysis of complex examinations, have been considered quite extensively and described in many literature sources.

Identifying the distance of the shot on the shot spread, when shooting cartridges equipped with wad containers

Introduction. Most often, in cases of crimes related to the use of firearms, in addition to establishing that an object belongs to a fi rearm and resolving the issue of its serviceability and suitability for shooting, it is necessary to solve other non-identifi cation tasks, such as establishing  the direction and distance of the shot.

Investigation of the circumstances of the shooting using three-dimensional photogrammetry

Introduction. A promising direction in forensic practice is the use of three-dimensional modeling of objects to establish the circumstances relevant to the criminal case. Theoretical analysis. Photographs taken during the investigation could be used as a source of information to derive a three-dimensional model. Photogrammetry is a method that allows for the automated construction of three-dimensional models from images.

Identification period of homemade firearms

Introduction. Currently, cases of illegal use of homemade fi rearms are increasingly common in expert practice. When examining the scene of the incident, experts seize bullets and shells fi red from homemade pistols and revolvers. While examining them, databases of traces are created. Possible reasons for the diff erence in the identification period of homemade fi rearms from factory ones are discussed. Experiment.

Capabilities of reloading equipment identification by traces on reloaded cases

Introduction. In connection with legalization of autonomous cartridges loading to the rifl ed fi rearm, the matter of forensic examination of reloaded cases is growing more urgent. Aims and tasks. To examine the regularities of trace formation made by the reloading equipment on reloaded cases in order to identify the method of making cartridges, whose parts they have originally been, and to establish the fact of reloading by means of the same production mechanisms. Experimental part.

Fundamentals of mechanoscopic examination of traces of dot peen marking

Introduction. Due to the criterion of recoverability, the dot peen marking is widely used as a protective one for such products as, for example, fi rearms or locking and sealing devices. However, in forensics, the possibilities of establishing the commonality of origin of such markings and identifi cation of specifi c equipment have not been investigated. Theoretical analysis.

Classifi cation of fi ring pin marks images by weapon specimens using a fully-connected neural network

Introduction. The aim of the work is to increase the effi ciency of identifi cation of fi rearms by images of fi ring pin marks in the automatic mode. The relevance of the task is determined by the low effi ciency of the known methods of automatic identifi cation of fi rearm by the fi ring pin marks with individual topological types of individualizing features. This aff ects the investigation of crimes related to the use of fi rearms. Formation of clone images.

Non-lethal weapon and special tools differentiation issues (Forensic and medico-legal points of view)

Introduction. The article touches upon the topical issues of forensic weapon study connected to the necessity for diff erentiating so called non-lethal weapon and law enforcement services special tools as well. Theoretical analysis. The lack of any criteria for group pertaining identifi cation of such articles, devices or substances creates many legal confl icts.

Constitutional and legal protection of intangible cultural heritage objects in Russia: Problems and prospects of development

Introduction. The complexity of determining the objects of intangible heritage and establishing organizational and legal mechanisms for their protection is due to the fact that we are talking about non-materialized processes and phenomena for which it is impossible to accurately calculate the degree of preservation. This is how they diff er from traditional museum objects and monuments of culture and art, therefore, it is diffi cult to develop a set of measures aimed at their conservation. Theoretical analysis.

Constitutional-legal and socio-economic prerequisites and goals for the creation of federal territories in the Russian Federation and abroad

Introduction. The establishment of the possibility of creating federal territories in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the subsequent adoption of the Federal Law “On the Federal Territory “Sirius” No. 437-FZ of December 22, 2020 make us take a closer look at foreign experience in determining the constitutional legal status, mechanisms of creation and features of functioning of federal territories.

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