Izvestiya of Saratov University.
Economics. Management. Law
ISSN 1994-2540 (Print)
ISSN 2542-1956 (Online)

Law

Some issues of evaluating the influence of silent shooting devices on the formation of traces on fi red bullets and fi red cases

Introduction. The growing number of military and civilian models of firearms equipped with muzzle devices actualizes the expert diagnostics of the facts of using silent shooting devices during committing crimes by their traces on the fi red bullets and fi red cases. Theoretical analysis. Science has identifi ed a number of regularities of the eff ect of silent shooting devices on the mechanism of formation and characteristics of traces on bullets and cartridge cases.

Empirical study of morphological signs of traces of gunshots with shot poly projectile on woven materials

Introduction. The theory of forensic examination highlights that an effective study of traces at the scene of an incident is possible only with a comprehensive study of all types of traces. Therefore, to objectively assess the circumstances in the conditions of detecting traces of fi rearms, one should apply an integrated approach to the method of working with traces and use methods of examination of substances, materials and products, alongside ballistic methods. Methods.

Personal protective equipment (SIB) – bulletproof vests as objects of ballistic and medical-forensic research

Introduction. The cases of gunshot injuries (wounds) of persons using personal protective equipment (body armor based on textile and composite organoplastic armor), that occur in investigative and expert practice, require a comprehensive approach to diagnostic studies of traces and injuries, both on the human body and on non-biological objects (materials of body armor and clothing items). Methodology and results of the study.

Integrated study of gunshot traces and circumstances

Introduction. The significant complication of science and practice in human activity have generated the need to develop more complex methods of examination of physical evidence, where complex forensic expertise is one of these methods. Theoretical analysis. The methods of interaction of forensic experts (methodological, procedural and psychological), as important aspects of the analysis of complex examinations, have been considered quite extensively and described in many literature sources.

Identifying the distance of the shot on the shot spread, when shooting cartridges equipped with wad containers

Introduction. Most often, in cases of crimes related to the use of firearms, in addition to establishing that an object belongs to a fi rearm and resolving the issue of its serviceability and suitability for shooting, it is necessary to solve other non-identifi cation tasks, such as establishing  the direction and distance of the shot.

Investigation of the circumstances of the shooting using three-dimensional photogrammetry

Introduction. A promising direction in forensic practice is the use of three-dimensional modeling of objects to establish the circumstances relevant to the criminal case. Theoretical analysis. Photographs taken during the investigation could be used as a source of information to derive a three-dimensional model. Photogrammetry is a method that allows for the automated construction of three-dimensional models from images.

Identification period of homemade firearms

Introduction. Currently, cases of illegal use of homemade fi rearms are increasingly common in expert practice. When examining the scene of the incident, experts seize bullets and shells fi red from homemade pistols and revolvers. While examining them, databases of traces are created. Possible reasons for the diff erence in the identification period of homemade fi rearms from factory ones are discussed. Experiment.

Capabilities of reloading equipment identification by traces on reloaded cases

Introduction. In connection with legalization of autonomous cartridges loading to the rifl ed fi rearm, the matter of forensic examination of reloaded cases is growing more urgent. Aims and tasks. To examine the regularities of trace formation made by the reloading equipment on reloaded cases in order to identify the method of making cartridges, whose parts they have originally been, and to establish the fact of reloading by means of the same production mechanisms. Experimental part.

Fundamentals of mechanoscopic examination of traces of dot peen marking

Introduction. Due to the criterion of recoverability, the dot peen marking is widely used as a protective one for such products as, for example, fi rearms or locking and sealing devices. However, in forensics, the possibilities of establishing the commonality of origin of such markings and identifi cation of specifi c equipment have not been investigated. Theoretical analysis.

Classifi cation of fi ring pin marks images by weapon specimens using a fully-connected neural network

Introduction. The aim of the work is to increase the effi ciency of identifi cation of fi rearms by images of fi ring pin marks in the automatic mode. The relevance of the task is determined by the low effi ciency of the known methods of automatic identifi cation of fi rearm by the fi ring pin marks with individual topological types of individualizing features. This aff ects the investigation of crimes related to the use of fi rearms. Formation of clone images.

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