Izvestiya of Saratov University.
Economics. Management. Law
ISSN 1994-2540 (Print)
ISSN 2542-1956 (Online)

Law

Legal Provision of Lawyers and Political Scientists’ Training under the Introduction of Professional Standards

Introduction. This article is devoted to the analysis of problems of legal provision of training for higher educated specialists in the field of jurisprudence and political science. These problems are primarily related to the improvement of the quality of higher education and the implementation of popular educational programmes by educational institutions of higher education focused on the particular economic sector and employers’ interests.

Features of the Application of the Universal Criteria of Science in Law

Introduction. Universal scientific criteria have their own specific application in law, this is due to at least two circumstances. First, universal scientific criteria are developed in the conditions of the classical philosophical picture of the world, and the question of revision of the system of universal scientific criteria was actualized in the era of post-non-classical philosophy, since not all of them are able to “work” in irrational conditions.

Features of Detection of Handprints on Firearms and Cartridges

Introduction. Firearms and ammunition are traditionally complex objects for fingerprint identification research. Theoretical analysis. The possibilities of modern laboratory methods for detecting handprints on firearms and ammunition are discussed. It is noted that the most effective method is the vacuum deposition of thin metal films, as well as cyanoacrylic acid esters in vacuum.

Possibilities of Integrated Research into Traces and Damages Arising from Application of Electric Shock Devices

Introduction. In the investigation of criminal cases involving the use of electroshock devices (ESD), it becomes necessary to use special knowledge to determine the nature and mechanism of damage to a person’s body and clothing due to electric shock. The specificity of damage formation leads to the use of special knowledge in the form of expert studies. Such studies are possible in the form of a comprehensive forensic medical examination or in the form of a complex of forensic and forensic studies (examinations).

A Probabilistic Assessment of the Complexes of Combined Traces in Secondary Tracks on Fired Bullets

Introduction. The paper analyzes the effectiveness of the application of the method of successively matching traces (CMS method) and the probabilistic method for substantiating the forensic identity of the overlapping secondary traces on fired bullets. Theoretical analysis. The theoretical foundations of the CMS method and the probabilistic method are considered. It is shown that the second method is formed on the basis of two mutually complementary probabilistic models.

Judicial and Ballistic Examination Information Support

Introduction. Weapons are widely used in crimes. Firearms, firearms of limited destruction seized by law enforcement agencies, gas, pneumatic weapons, cartridges for the specified types of weapons, traces of a shot on various obstacles, fired bullets and other shells, fired cartridges are among the main objects of forensic ballistic examination. Theoretical analysis. Forensic ballistic expertise is carried out strictly in accordance with the expert methods.

Research into Morphological Signs Arising When Shooting from Snoothbore Hunting Weapon at Glass from Triplex

Introduction. Automobile windshields act as objects of research in various categories of cases – criminal, civil, etc. The information obtained in the study of such objects is of important evidentiary value. From the forensic point of view, the windshields of automobiles, which are made of triplex and have physico-mechanical and consumer characteristics that are different from ordinary glasses, are of the greatest interest. Theoretical analysis.

Identification of Similar Images of Breech Face Impressions by the Correlation Cells Method

Introduction. The current task of forensic ballistic identification is to investigate the breech face impressions on the firing cartridge cases. The paper deals with comparison of images of breech face impressions by correlation cells method. Theoretical analysis. Similarity of images of investigated impressions can be established by a method of the correlation analysis. However, this method is ineffective, because the correlation coefficient is dominated by areas that do not contain useful information.

Regularities of Traces Formation on the Reloaded Cases During the Discharge of a Firearm

Introduction. In connection with legalization of autonomous cartridges loading to the rifled firearm, the matter of forensic examination of reloaded cases is growing more urgent. Objectives. The research is aimed at studying the regularities of trace formation on the reloaded cases during the shot from the firearm in order to diagnose the technique of cartridges producing, these cases being the cartridges parts. Experimental part.

The Study of Traces on Spent Cartridges from Modern Modifications of Individual Models of Automatic Pistols

Introduction. One of the main ways to identify weapons in a forensic examination is to study the traces left on the cartridges. As a result of the examination, it is possible to receive answers to questions related to the model and a specific weapon. In this regard, information on traces and trace details for new models of firearms and the latest modifications of well-known models becomes relevant (manufacturers update the produced weapon approximately every 5–10 years).

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