Introduction. At the present stage of development of the institution of human rights and individual categories of citizens in the Russian Federation is particularly important legal analysis of the Commissioner’s powers to protect the rights of entrepreneurs on the federal and regional level in the Russian Federation. At the present stage, this institution is developing intensively. Implementation of office business ombudsman directly related to the problems of its interaction with various public authorities to protect the rights of business entities. Methods. Methodological basis of research supports internally interconnected complex methods of cognition: systematic and structural, functional, logical, historical. Basic general legal methods are the comparative legal and legalistic, allowing the author to explore the legal basis for the organization and activities of the institution of the protection of entrepreneurs’ rights in Russia at the federal level and the level of subjects of the Russian Federation (on the example of the Saratov region). Results. It is stated that in the activity authorized are not independent, as evidenced by the order of their appointment and the early dismissal, the formation and operation of the machine, as well as reporting and monitoring of their activities on the part of officials in which they are created. The author comes to the conclusion that 1) improve the legal regulation and practice of implementing powers business ombudsman at the federal and regional levels, 2) bringing the legislation of the Russian Federation in accordance with the common federal requirements.