Izvestiya of Saratov University.

Economics. Management. Law

ISSN 1994-2540 (Print)
ISSN 2542-1956 (Online)
Full text PDF(Ru):
PDF icon ekonomika_2022_3_316-324.pdf
(downloads: 0)
Language: 
Russian
Heading: 
Law
Article type: 
Article
UDC: 
342.72/.73
DOI: 
10.18500/1994-2540-2022-22-3-316-324

Constitutional and legal regulation of the limits of implementation, degree of permissible restrictions on the basic economic rights of the individual

Autors: 
Plotnikova Inna Nikolaevna, Saratov State Law Academy
Abstract: 

Introduction. Many scientific works are devoted to theoretical and practical aspects of the restriction of human rights and freedoms. However, issues of the admissibility and proportionality of restrictions on the economic rights of a person and a citizen are the subject of scientific controversy, which predetermines the expediency of addressing the topic of this study. Theoretical analysis. The author made an attempt to theoretically comprehend the concept of “restriction of the right”, presenting a scheme for dividing human and civil rights and freedoms, regulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, into groups according to the degree of permissible restrictions, based on an analysis of the works of domestic and foreign authors. Empirical analysis. The author highlights that “obligations” and “prohibitions” remain the main methods of legal influence in regulating implementation of economic rights, often with the imposition of liability disproportionate to the committed act, which is also confirmed by the conclusions of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation and the Presidential Commissioner of the Russian Federation for the Protection of Entrepreneurs' Rights, the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Results. It is proposed to consider restrictions on constitutional economic rights and freedoms as a change in the scope of their powers by interfering with the basic economic right by establishing obligations, prohibitions, and liability within the framework of: general limits for the exercise of rights and freedoms (reservations immanent in the constitution); reservations immanent in specific fundamental rights, simple reservations qualified in the relevant articles of the Constitution; immanent limits of restrictions on specific economic rights of the individual by the state. There is a growing need for a clearer regulation of the processes of institutionalization of assessment of the regulatory impact of regulations in the field of implementation of economic rights, constitutionalization of these relations.

Key words: 
the Constitution of the Russian Federation
economic rights
restrictions on rights
immanent limits
reservations
mandatory requirements
Reference: 
  1. 1. Paulova Yu. E. Restriction of Economic Rights and Freedoms: Theoretical and Legal Analysis. Thesis Diss. Cand. Sci. (Jur.). Nizhnij Novgorod, 2007. 25 p. (in Russian).
  2. Krasnov M. A. Some aspects of the problem of restriction of constitutional rights (On the example of economic rights). Sravnitel’noe konstitutsionnoe obozrenie [Comparative Constitutional Review], 2013, no. 1, pp. 82–93 (in Russian).
  3. Gritsenko A. S. Social Grounds and Legal Conditions for Restricting the Freedom of Entrepreneurship in Constitutional Law and the Practice of Constitutional Justice. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Jur.). Vladivostok, 2017. 187 p. (in Russian).
  4. Malko A. V. Incentives and Restrictions in Law (Theoretical and Informational Aspect). Diss. Dr. Sci. (Jur.). Saratov, 1995. 362 p. (in Russian).
  5. Malko A. V. Stimuly i ogranicheniya v prave: Teoretikoinformatsionnyi aspekt [Incentives and Restrictions in Law: Theoretical and Informational Aspect]. 3rd ed., rev. and add. Saarbrucken, Germahy, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011. 364 p. (in Russian).
  6. Podmarev A. A. Constitutional Bases of Restriction of the Rights and Freedoms of the Person and the Citizen in the Russian Federation. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Jur.). Saratov, 2001. 235 p. (in Russian).
  7. Kruss V. I. Pravo na predprinimatel’skuyu deyatel’- nost’ – konstitutsionnoye polnomochiye lichnosti [The Right to Entrepreneurial Activity is the Constitutional Authority of the Individual]. Moscow, Yurist Publ., 2003. 672 p. (in Russian).
  8. Kruss V. I. Teoriya konstitutsionnogo pravopol’zovaniya [Theory of Constitutional Law]. Moscow, Norma Publ., 2007. 752 p. (in Russian).
  9. Ebzeev B. S. Chelovek, narod, gosudarstvo v konstitutsionnom stroye Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Man, People, State in the Constitutional System of the Russian Federation]. 2nd ed. Moscow, Prospekt Publ., 2014. 652 p. (in Russian).
  10. Troitskaya A. A. Constitutional and Legal Limits and Restrictions on the Freedom of the Individual and Public Authority. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Jur.). Moscow, 2008. 228 p. (in Russian).
  11. Krasnov M. A. Limitation of human rights or search of its natural bounds? Pravo: Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki [Law: Journal of the Higher School of Economics], 2009, no. 2, pp. 103–115 (in Russian).
  12. Prikhodko T. V. The Modern Model of Restricting the Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen in the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany: Constitutional and Legal Research. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Jur.). Omsk, 2017. 200 p. (in Russian).
  13. Stern K. Protection of fundamental rights and their limitation. In: B. N. Topornin (ed.) Gosudarstvennoye pravo Germanii [State Law of Germany: in 2 vols.]. Moscow, Institute of State and Law of the RAS, 1994, vol. 2, pp. 185–188 (in Russian).
  14. Lerche P. Limits of Fundamental Rights. In: B. N. Topornin (ed.) Gosudarstvennoye pravo Germanii [State Law of Germany: in 2 vols.]. Moscow, Institute of State and Law of the RAS, 1994, vol. 2, pp. 233–239 (in Russian).
  15. Seewald O. Grundkurs Staatsrecht II. Univesitat Passau. Lehrstuhl für Staats- und Verwaltungsrecht, insbesondere Sozialrecht (2006). Available at: https://www.jura.uni-passau.de/fileadmin/dokumente/fakultaeten/jura/lehr... (аccessed 15 February 2022).
  16. Hegel G. Filosofi ya prava [Philosophy of Law]. Moscow, Yurait Publ., 2020. 292 p. (in Russian).
  17. V. V. Maklakov (comp.) Konstitutsii zarubezhnykh gosudarstv [Constitutions of Foreign States]. 3rd ed., rev. and add. Moscow, BEK Publ., 2000. 592 p. (in Russian).
  18. Zorkin V. D. Konstitutsionnoe pravosudie: protsedura i smysl [Constitutional Justice: Procedure and Meaning]. St. Petersburg, Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. 2021. 154 p. (in Russian).
  19. Plotnikova I. N. Constitutional and legal policy in the sphere of the implementation of the right to business in Russia. Rossiyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal [Russian Legal Journal], 2020, no. 2 (131), pp. 103–117 (in Russian).
  20. On the case of checking the constitutionality of articles 220.1 and 220.2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR in connection with the complaint of citizen V. A. Avetyan. Decree of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation no. 4-P of 03.05.1995. Vestnik Konstitutsionnogo Suda RF [Bulletin of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation], 1995, no. 2–3 (in Russian).
  21. Тroitskaya A. A. Limits of rights and absolute rights: Beyond the principle of proportionality? Theoretical issues and practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Sravnitel’noe konstitutsionnoe obozreniye [Comparative Constitutional Review], 2015, no. 2, pp. 45–69 (in Russian).
  22. Podmarev A. A. The Person’s and Citizen’s Rights and Freedoms Restriction in the Conditions of Emergency State in the Russian Federation: Constitutional Bases and Legislative Regulation. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta MVD Rossii [Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia], 2018, no. 1 (177), pp. 50–54 (in Russian).
  23. In the case of checking the constitutionality of parts 1 and 3 of Article 17 of the Federal Law “On the Hydrometeorological Service”, paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 of the Regulations on information services in the fi eld of hydrometeorology and monitoring of environmental pollution in connection with the complaint of a limited liability company “Valmaks”. Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation no. 42-P of 29.09.2021. Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF [Collection of Laws of the Russian Federation], 2021, no. 41, art. 7064 (in Russian).
  24. Report of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation for 2014. Rossiyskaya gazeta [Russian Newspaper], 2015, no. 96 (in Russian).
  25. Doklad Prezidentu Rossiiskoi Federatsii – 2021 (Report to the President of the Russian Federation – 2021). Available at: http://doklad.ombudsmanbiz.ru/2021/7.pdf (аccessed 5 October 2021) (in Russian).
  26. On Mandatory Requirements in the Russian Federation. Federal Law 247-FZ of 31.07.2020 (an edition of 16.04.2022). Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF [Collection of Laws of the Russian Federation], 2020, no. 31 (pt. I), art. 5007; Rossiyskaya gazeta [Russian Newspaper], 2022, no. 84 (in Russian).
  27. On the procedure for the federal executive authorities to assess the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts and draft decisions of the Eurasian Economic Commission, as well as on amendments to certain acts of the Government of the Russian Federation (together with the “Rules for assessing the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts and draft decisions of the Eurasian Economic Commission by federal executive authorities”). Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation no. 1318 of 17.12.2012 (an edition of 07.01.2021). Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF [Collection of Laws of the Russian Federation], 2012, no. 52, art. 7491; 2021, no. 28 (pt. II), art. 5534 (in Russian).
  28. Vasilevskaya M. M., Kazantsev K. I., Shepeleva O. S. Kachestvo provedeniya otsenki reguliruyushchego vozdeystviya v Rossii: chto pokazyvayet sploshnoy analiz tekstovykh dannykh? [The Quality of Regulatory Impact Assessment in Russia: What Does a Complete Analysis of Textual Data Show?]. Moscow, The Center for Advanced Governance, 2021. 60 p. (in Russian).
Received: 
30.04.2022
Accepted: 
30.05.2022