Introduction. The democratization of the Arab East determined the need to consolidate human rights in the modern constitutions of many Islamic States. So only at the end of the twentieth century, the role of human rights in Islam and their impacts on the Islamic population, as well as the problem of the relation of human rights in Islamic law with universal human rights and freedoms became the object of scientific research. This is due to several reasons. First, human rights do not fit into the religious right East, aimed primarily at the regulation of private legal relations within the Islamic clan. Secondly, Western ideas about human rights have recently been introduced in the state legal system, Islamic States, and this required understanding the theory of Islamic law. Thirdly, for the successful development not only of countries in the Middle East, but the European community is important to find a “common denominator” of the ratio of human rights with the tenets of Islamic law as the system of human rights in the Western sense often do not match or even contradict the traditional values of Islam. Purpose. The main aim is to clarify the place and role of rights and freedoms in traditional Islamic law. Results. The authors consider the peculiarities of the Shari’ah and legal status of the individual in Islamic law. Since the Shari’ah does not mix well with other legal cultures, the majority of Muslim countries, while maintaining the fundamental provisions of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet, introduce into their legal systems the universally recognized norms of international law in the field of human rights. However, the main problem is that the Western standard of human rights, enshrining universal nature of human rights does not take into account the specificity of national traditions and cultures of the Eastern peoples. Therefore, its implementation is often accompanied by armed conflicts within Arab States. Conclusions. The authors come to the conclusion that the combination of Islamic principles of Sharia with the Western European standard on a number of issues in the field of legal regulation of human rights.