Introduction. The development of the digital economy has a mixed impact on the development of individual spheres of the economy. Technological innovations introduced into production and non-production spheres involve personnel changes and the use of highly skilled labor. However, the system interaction of industries, markets, and spheres in the present time is shown poorly, dysfunctions arise, especially between the training of labor resources and their actual application in the production process. The solution to the problem is partly clusterization, which is formed in various spheres and branches of the national economy. Considering technological, information changes, as well as new qualitative characteristics of the workforce, a full-fledged mechanism for the formation of qualitative labor force in the modern economy under clustering conditions has not been created. Theoretical analysis. Clustering is considered separately for economic sectors, the mechanism of interaction between the system of training and production combined into clusters is not clearly defined. Existing approaches to the cluster interaction system are generalized. Scientific works touching on the problems of interaction between the labor market and education focus on the problems, functions, dysfunctions of such interaction and do not take into account the types of clusters, their goals and the transformation of the education system in Russia. Results. The evolutionary foundations of the application of clusterization in the Soviet economy make it possible to use clusters more effectively in the relationship between education and production in modern Russia. The models for the development of clusters of the USSR and in the conditions of the development of the digital economy are shown. The connections of cluster interaction with the system of personnel training according to the levels of the modern education system in Russia are shown.