Introduction. The article deals with the problems of constraints on the Russian mobilization economy growth. The current state of Russian economy is characterized by an increasing share of the military-industrial complex in its structure. There is a tendency towards an increase in the production of weapons and corresponding structural shifts in the economy. Theoretical analysis. Production, labor (demographic), logistics, monetary, and export-import components are identified as thresholds for the growth of Russian mobilization economy. For each component, the relevant parameters limiting the growth of the mobilization economy are considered: the share of gross accumulation in GDP, the index of industrial production, the unemployment rate, migration and others. Thus, gross accumulation in GDP has remained quite high for almost a hundred years with small interruptions, which indicates the mobilization nature of the economy of the Russian Empire, the USSR and modern Russia. However, the increase in mobilization cannot be unlimited, since this process occurs at the expense of the consumer sector and can lead to negative social consequences. Results. It is concluded that in the conditions of a military conflict and economic sanctions, the problem of the Russian mobilization economy growth limits is significantly aggravated. Existing labor, material and financial reserves, along with the defense industry development, should be directed to further structural restructuring of the national economy, new industrialization based on the development of the knowledge economy.