For citation:
Minat V. N. Federal Financing of Scientific Research and Development in the USA: Volume, Structure, Perspective Directions. Journal Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law, 2020, vol. 20, iss. 3, pp. 256-265. DOI: 10.18500/1994-2540-2020-20-3-256-265
Federal Financing of Scientific Research and Development in the USA: Volume, Structure, Perspective Directions
Introduction. In modern conditions, the research development in the United States is closely related to the functioning of the institutional environment, the financial basis of which is largely the federal government. The historically established structure of financing fundamental and applied research and development from the US state budget reflects the needs of the country’s socioeconomic development in both sectoral and territorial aspects. Theoretical analysis. The impact of direct government funding through the system of orders (contracts) on American RD has been strong for over 70 years. Sustainable areas of financing research and development that have been formed in time and space by the US federal government are united by the “on-site mobilization” management paradigm, which provides for the rational and efficient use of the potential of stakeholders – customers and contractors. Empirical analysis. The analysis of the characteristic changes in the institutional and territorial structures of the federal funding distribution in the main categories of research and development, in the research sectors, customers and RD executors, and the leading states of the country, is carried out. Results. Structural relationships were identified in the “customer – executor” system, within the framework of a state research program funded by the federal government in 2010–2019, based on empirical research and, in general, confirming theoretical provisions on mutual interests in the field of specific RD necessary for development specific sectors of the US economy and social sphere. The features of the distribution and territorial distribution of federal research and development funding in the modern United States are shown. Estimated and predictive judgments are given regarding possible structural changes in federal funding for research and development in the USA in the near future.
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