Economic

Introduction. Precarization of employment has become one of the objective and signifi cant manifestations of the employment processes transformation in the digital economy, while it is rapidly expanding and becoming more complex. The increase in upward precarization, depending on the degree of digitalization processes development and economic turbulence, indicates that it has acquired the qualities and characteristics of a clearly dominant trend in modern economic development, which has already become a reality for diff erent categories of employed and which all participants and contractors of the labor market – employees and employers – have to reckon with. Precarization of the employed is a relatively new and therefore only fragmentally studied phenomenon not only for the global labor market, but also for the Russian labor market, where it has its manifestations and features. All this in general determines the relevance of the research topic. Theoretical analysis. The study of various aspects of precarization of employment in the digital economy as a stochastic system – its content, causes, main manifestations and related consequences, externalities – is of scientifi c interest. Particularly signifi cant in epistemological and ontological aspects is the analysis of the reasons for the intensifi cation of precarization processes in digital economy in relation to Russian conditions, namely, the reduction of jobs, the excess of the need for new specialists over the capabilities of the modern education system, the transition to the platformization of labor processes, the expansion of the short-term contracts economy. Results. Active processes of precarization in the digital economy create conditions for the formation of new employment standards and new competencies of the employed.

Introduction. In modern conditions, infl ation is a topical problem of Russian economy, which occupies a key place in economic science and economic policy. Identifi cation of the infl ationary processes development specifi cs in modern Russian economy is signifi cant from the point of view of developing eff ective anti-infl ationary regulation measures. Theoretical analysis. The article clarifi es the content of infl ation as an economic category. The concepts of «repressed infl ation» and «hidden infl ation» are distinguished. The study revealed that the development of infl ationary processes in Russia has its own specifi cs, due to the peculiarities of the socio-economic development of the country. Еmpirical analysis. The statistical description of the infl ation dynamics depending on the phase of the cycle has been carried out. The factorial analysis of the development of infl ationary processes in the country has been carried out. The infl uence of the monetary policy instruments carried out within the framework of the infl ation targeting regime on key macroeconomic indicators is analyzed. Results. The countercyclical nature of Russian infl ation and the changing role of the prevailing factors of its development are revealed. The inconsistency of the anti-infl ationary strategy with the goals of achieving sustainable economic growth is demonstrated.

Introduction. It is particularly interesting to study the achievements of outstanding personalities on the world scale, those who made a signifi cant contribution to economic science, played a crucial role in the international history of politics and economic activity, laid the prerequisites for the formation of original schools of economic thought, which were named after their founders. Such personalities were John Maynard Keynes and Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov-Lenin. Methods and concepts. The term “dialogue”, meaning a conversation, an exchange of statements in spoken and written speech, precisely characterizes the format of correspondence communication between J. M. Keynes and V. I. Lenin. Having no personal acquaintance with each other, no mutual sympathies, the interlocutors addressed each other in publications and public speeches, setting out and commenting on the words and thoughts, deeds and actions, moral values, social and political ideals shared by the vis-a-vis. The dialogue between the two prominent persons dealt with the problems of developing and implementing a new economic policy in the international sphere and in certain countries. Analysis and interpretation. The immediate reason for the beginning of the dialogue was the publication of J. M. Keynes’ book “Economic Consequences of Peace” in December 1919, which repeatedly mentioned the name of V. I. Lenin. The dialogue of J. M. Keynes and V. I. Lenin took place not only in the format of publicly addressing each other, indicating the name of the interlocutor, but also in a hidden form of reminiscence – memories of what was said and heard, written and perceived by the counterpart. Results. The communication between J. M. Keynes and V. I. Lenin was maintained in the “Ab voce, ad rem” mode – from words to deeds. Serious thoughts expressed by the interlocutors found their real embodiment.

In different historical periods and in different countries the model of the state entrepreneurship has special, unique features, its own forms and methods of influence on the macroeconomic dynamics and socio-economic development. The study of the specific Russian model of the state entrepreneurship is necessary to implement a successful economic policy of the government in our country. Theoretical analysis. In macroeconomic models the system of the national economy is determined by three key aggregate economic entities (sectors of the economy): households, businesses and government. The activity of the state, involving the use of public property and its sources of replenishment, aimed at increasing the circulation of controlled economic resources, has business orientation. A model of state entrepreneurship is determined by the national specificity of the country: historical conditions of development, a set of organizational forms, legal, cultural, religious norms, ideological, cultural traditions, and geographic location. Conclusion. The interrelation of economic and administrative activity of the state, hierarchical and financial supremacy of the state apparatus in the system of economic relations, the crucial importance of the budget in the economic life of the country is confirmed by the analysis of the historical experience of Russia.