Introduction: In modern conditions of great importance is the economic modernization of Russia. It is necessary to analyze the risks and contradictions of modernization. This determines the importance of research. Theoretical analysis. Modernization implies structural changes of the economy that produces competitive production. Its risks are: the economy’s dependence on the world market, the conflict of economic interests, the strain on the labour market, weakening role of the state in the economy, decrease motivation to work. Discussion.
