Introduction. The nature of Russia’s current economic development encounters restrictions on the commercialization of innovations in the economy, the identification of which was the purpose of the study. In the presented research, the inconsistency of the quality of the structure of the industrial markets of the Russian economy, forming its innovative segment, and the intensity of innovation spread in Russia is presented as the main problem of innovative development. Theoretical analysis. The article considers neoclassical approaches confirming that in the market of perfect competition incentives for innovation are lower than in the monopoly market. However, in the conditions of monopoly, there are limitations to the development of innovation activity due to high costs and low probability of discovery. Empirical analysis is based on the analysis of the data on the 50 largest technology companies in Russia and 30 technological products “for people” made in Russia. Results. The conducted research made it possible to reveal the presence of restrictions on the commercialization of innovations related to the organizational structure of the innovation market, the monopolization of markets and low income of the population.